[Source: David Powers, BBC, February 17, 2011 ***] “By the beginning of the 20th century, Japan was beginning to catc… encompasses a broad range of ideas and sentiments harbored by the Japanese people over the last two centuries regarding their native country, its cultural nature, political form and historical destiny. Speaker A: “The use of the bomb shortened the war and saved American lives.” Speaker B: “The United States might have been able to force the Japanese … to surrender simply by demonstrating the power of the bomb on a deserted island.” Speaker C: “The use of the bomb was justified because of the Japanese attack on PearlHarbor.” This document is provided by Kazumi Hasegawa, lecturer in the Department of History at the University of Washington. The shogun was the actual political and military leader. A few of the students’ responses to the second question mentioned the difficulties that the Western powers had when breaking up the Austro–Hungarian and Ottoman empires in separate treaties at the end of World War I (which we had recently covered in a separate lesson). Try to draw out conclusions about Fukuzawa Yukichi’s perspective on the Western nations, and the place that he and other Meiji reformers saw Japan occupying in East Asia and the world stage at the conclusion of the century. Leaders of the Iwakura Mission, photographed in London. Japan’s victory in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894–1895, followed by victory in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905, were key turning points in Japan’s emergence as the strongest imperial power in the region. Japanese national identity amid the rapid economic and social changes of the Meiji period was frequently torn between traditional Japanese and East Asian ideas and those of the Western powers. Japanese resentment toward the West and its imperial ambitions. The Japanese were superior. Unlike China and its other East Asian neighbors, Japan embraced Western-style industrialization and governmental reforms. Westernization and Japanese identity: “On Leaving Asia”. Japan was forced to open itself to the West, but its people resented the concessions it was forced to give to America and other European nations. For 250 years, Japan existed in quiet and peace under the Tokugawa Shoguns (1603-1853). Divide students into working groups (four or five individuals) and have each group create a chart to summarize their findings. Have students, in small reading groups or as individuals, create a chart with “Western nations” as a header on one side and “Asian nations” on the other. In the 19 th century, after a long period of isolationism, China and then Japan came under pressure from the West to open to foreign trade and relations. The nationalism that asserted that Prussians were a nation and promoted the cultural unity of Prussians. As for the inclusion of non-Japanese elements adopted by Japan, students emphasized that ideas from China and India had many centuries to be adapted to the Japanese character, rather than mere decades. Once the economic difficulties of the Great Depression struck, uncertainty and insecurity on the home front were destabilizing. After completing their lists, have students answer these summary questions: (1) Why does the author believe that Japan must embark on a program of de-Asianization? Japanese nationalism (Japanese: 国粋主義, Hepburn: Kokusui shugi) is the nationalism that asserts that the Japanese are a monolithic nation with a single immutable culture, and promotes the cultural unity of the Japanese. Nationalism and Imperialism . How does the document characterize a common Japanese identity? After the last quarter of the 19th century, nationalism in Europe did not exist. Japanese nationalism (国家主義, Kokka shugi?) Shelley Rose. Summarize the characteristics of Japanese nationalism in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and the events that contributed to the development of this national identity. Explanation: On the 1st of March 1854, Commodore Matthew Perry opened up … Lead students in a brief discussion of their narrative responses. Cultural nationalism Briefly describe Japan's philosophical and religious beliefs in the late 19th century and explain their influence on Japanese politics. Japan took the Liaodong Peninsula during the Sino–Japanese War (1894–1895), but it was pressured by Russia, France, and Germany (and later Great Britain) to give it up. Fashion, education , military, among many other factions, experienced large changes. The Case of North and South Korea,” Foreign Policy Research Institute, April 26, 2017. https://www.utc.edu/asia-program/pdfs/modules2/pickering/reading8.pdf: This is the link to “Reading 8: Exclusion and Humiliation” from Fran Sterling et al., The Nanjing Atrocities: Crimes of War (Brookline, Massachusetts: Facing History and Ourselves National Organization, 2014), 111 –114. Familiarity with the process of industrialization and the urbanization and modernization that accompany it will help students understand the context of the rise of militarism in Japan. ), and later they were transformed into a state-sponsored form of ethno-nationalism during the Pahlavi period (1925-78). This lead to a huge demand for iron and steel, Japan wanted to become more self-sufficient, so they grew industry within the country, Increasing population demanded more food and land, Meiji leaders argued that Japan would only be able to protect itself by industrializing, and materials such as coal were needed for this expansion. Japanese nationalism (Japanese: 国粋主義, Hepburn: Kokusui shugi) is the nationalism that asserts that the Japanese are a monolithic nation with a single immutable culture, and promotes the cultural unity of the Japanese. Japan’s selective embrace of Westernization during and following the Meiji Restoration set the stage for its emergence as the great independent power in East Asia during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Decides to restore order in the old, conservative ways – with KINGS. However, in the 19th century Japan started to have more contact with the west. Ask the groups to create: A list of the five most important features of Japanese national identity as expressed by the authors of these documents, Textual references to the sources that best support and define each of these five identified features. This module traces this transformation from its origins in the Meiji reforms to the formal invasion of China in 1937. I do not mean to deny the predominant position of nationalism in modern Japan, or elsewhere for that matter. Lloyd, Jim. Late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century victories in the Ryūkyūs and other islands, along with the acquisition of Formosa (now Taiwan) in the … Start studying Industrial revolution, nationalism, and imperialism in 19th century. 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