[31] In 1924, Chanel made an agreement with the Wertheimer brothers, Pierre and Paul, directors since 1917 of the eminent perfume and cosmetics house Bourjois. [7]:169–71 Schellenberg's SS liaison officer, Captain Walter Kutschmann, acted as bagman, "told to deliver a large sum of money to Chanel in Madrid. The cause [4][5] Dincklage was also a collaborator for the German SD; his superiors being Walter Schellenberg and Alexander Waag in Berlin. [7]:186–87, The extent of Churchill's intervention for Chanel after the war became a subject of gossip and speculation. They said that her death came peacefully and that nothing in recent days had indicated she was in bad health. While many women in France were punished for "horizontal collaboration" with German officers, Chanel faced no such action. Chanel visited Madrid in 1943 to convince the British ambassador to Spain, Sir Samuel Hoare, a friend of Winston Churchill, about a possible German surrender once the war was leaning towards an Allied victory. [10]:107–08, Chanel, determined to re-create the success she enjoyed in Deauville, opened an establishment in Biarritz in 1915. In losing Capel, I lost everything. [54] They desired outfits that did not give way easily and could be put on without the help of servants. After one year of operation, the business proved to be so lucrative that in 1916 Chanel was able to reimburse Capel's original investment. Soon after, feeling ill, she went to bed early. [30]:318 They arrived at Bel Respiro during the second week of September[30]:318 and remained until May 1921. Chanel denied all the accusations. Chanel used her position as an "Aryan" to petition German officials to legalize her claim to sole ownership. She made a lady look like a lady. She is known for her work on The Rules of the Game (1939), Tonight or Never (1931) and The Greeks Had a Word for Them (1932). In Monte Carlo in 1923, at age forty, Chanel was introduced by Lombardi to the vastly wealthy Duke of Westminster, Hugh Richard Arthur Grosvenor, known to his intimates as "Bendor". Such documents identify Chanel as an agent in the German military intelligence, the Abwehr. Coco Chanel was one of the most influential designers of her time—even a woman who has never bought an original Chanel piece is sure to own something that was inspired by the iconic designer. [30]:329 Chanel also guaranteed the new (1920) Ballets Russes production of Stravinsky's Le Sacre du Printemps ('The Rite of Spring') against financial loss with an anonymous gift to Diaghilev, said to be 300,000 francs. 93 quotes from Coco Chanel: 'The most courageous act is still to think for yourself. [23]:103 The couple spent time together at fashionable resorts such as Deauville, but despite Chanel's hopes that they would settle together, Capel was never faithful to her. [10]:172 Evening designs were often embroidered with sparkling crystal and black jet embroidery. By Daisy Dumas Updated: 03:21 EST, 2 August 2011 Chanel said, "It's disgusting to walk around with millions around the neck because one happens to be rich. She designed the neckline to leave the neck comfortably free and added functional pockets. [7]:31–32, In 1922, at the Longchamps races, Théophile Bader, founder of the Paris Galeries Lafayette, introduced Chanel to businessman Pierre Wertheimer. One of the most prominent missions she was involved in was Operation Modellhut ("Operation Model Hat"). Their jobs involved physical activity and they had to ride trains, buses, and bicycles to get to work. And if … Coco passed away on January 10, 1971 at the age of 87 in Paris, France. She was born on August 19, 1883. Coco Chanel as seen in a picture taken during the later years of her life (Marion Pike / Internet / Public Domain) Age. She cut the jackets on the straight grain, without adding bust darts. Balsan showered Chanel with the baubles of "the rich life"—diamonds, dresses, and pearls. It was an elite group of associations revolving around such figures as politician Winston Churchill, aristocrats such as the Duke of Westminster, and royals such as Edward, Prince of Wales. She announced her final words to her maid which were: "You see, this is how you die." In 1931, while in Monte Carlo Chanel became acquainted with Samuel Goldwyn. [36], After the jersey suit, the concept of the little black dress is often cited as a Chanel contribution to the fashion lexicon, a style still worn to this day. This was revolutionary in an era when jewellery was strictly categorized into either fine or costume jewellery. As per our current Database, Coco Chanel has been died on Jan 10, 1971 (age 87). Soon after, feeling ill, she went to bed early. At the time of the French liberation in 1944, Chanel left a note in her store window explaining Chanel No. Soon after, feeling ill, she went to bed early. [7]:xix[4][5] In late-1943 or early-1944, Chanel and her SS superior, Schellenberg, who had a weakness for unconventional schemes,[4] devised a plan to get Britain to consider a separate peace to be negotiated by the SS. Bois-de-Vaux Cemetery, Lausanne, Switzerland. [23]:176–77 When Chanel came out with her comeback collection in 1954, the French press were cautious due to her collaboration during the war and the controversy of the collection. [18] As an entertainer, Chanel radiated a juvenile allure that tantalized the military habitués of the cabaret. Both Greta Garbo and Marlene Dietrich became private clients. Coco Chanel was born on August 19, 1883, in Saumur, France, and she died on January 10, 1971, in Paris, at the age of 87. The 1930s was the Great Depression era, when women needed affordable fashion. A faithful friend was also the Brazilian Aimée de Heeren, who lived in Paris four months a year at the nearby Hôtel Meurice. At age eighteen, Chanel, too old to remain at Aubazine, went to live in a boarding house for Catholic girls in the town of Moulins. Chanel's millinery career bloomed once theatre actress Gabrielle Dorziat wore her hats in Fernand Nozière's play Bel Ami in 1912. [8]:27 It was a stark, frugal life, demanding strict discipline. [21]:83, Chanel proclaimed "I imposed black; it's still going strong today, for black wipes out everything else around. Coco Chanel died of a heart attack on 10 January 1971 in a Suite at the Ritz, opposite the world famous House of Chanel. In the obituary of one of Capel's daughters, he was described as "an intellectual, politician, tycoon, polo-player and the dashing lover and sponsor of the fas… From her excursions on water with the yachting world, she appropriated the clothing associated with nautical pursuits: the horizontal striped shirt, bell-bottom pants, crewneck sweaters, and espadrille shoes—all traditionally worn by sailors and fishermen. "[23]:127 Chanel designed the clothing worn on screen by Gloria Swanson, in Tonight or Never (1931), and for Ina Claire in The Greeks Had a Word for Them (1932). On 17 May 1947, Chanel received wartime profits from the sale of Chanel No. "[21]:19 Capel, a wealthy member of the English upper class, installed Chanel in an apartment in Paris. When Chanel died, the first lady of France, Mme Pompidou, organized a hero's tribute. The greatest fashion designer of the 20th century, Gabrielle “Coco” Chanel, died suddenly in her suite at the swish Hotel Ritz in Paris half a century ago this week. [7]:13, 47 Prior to this, jersey tended to be used primarily in hosiery and for sportswear (tennis, golf, and beach attire). "[19], Chanel introduced a line of jewellery that was a conceptual innovation, as her designs and materials incorporated both costume jewellery and fine gem stones. Biarritz, on the Côte Basque, close to wealthy Spanish clients, was a playground for the moneyed set and those exiled from their native countries by the war. His affair with Chanel lasted ten years.[7]:36–37. Capel was killed in an automobile accident on Monday 22 December 1919, allegedly en route to a Christmas rendezvous with Chanel. 5, has become an iconic product. [45], In 1945, Chanel moved to Switzerland, where she lived for several years, part of the time with Dincklage. [7], Gabrielle Bonheur Chanel was born in 1883 to Eugénie Jeanne Devolle Chanel, known as Jeanne, a laundrywoman in the charity hospital run by the Sisters of Providence (a poorhouse) in Saumur, Maine-et-Loire, France. [7]:xix At the end of the war, Schellenberg was tried by the Nuremberg Military Tribunal, and sentenced to six years' imprisonment for war crimes. [10]:10 For the next three years, she lived with him in his château Royallieu near Compiègne, an area known for its wooded equestrian paths and the hunting life. She said that it was not a time for fashion;[28] as a result of her action, 4,000 female employees lost their jobs. [61] In 1920, Chanel herself vowed that, while observing an audience at the opera, she would dress all women in black. [8]:18[9] The children did not attend school. In 1884, he married Jeanne Devolle,[8]:16 persuaded to do so by her family who had "united, effectively, to pay Albert."[8]:16. Each client would have repeated adjustments until their suit was comfortable enough for them to perform daily activities with comfort and ease. Discover how much the famous Fashion Designer is worth in 2021. Historically, identifiable exposure to the sun had been the mark of laborers doomed to a life of unremitting, unsheltered toil. The horse culture and penchant for hunting so passionately pursued by the elites, especially the British, fired Chanel's imagination. [8]:16 With both parents absent, the infant's last name was misspelled, probably due to a clerical error. They are charming! "A milky skin seemed a sure sign of aristocracy." [17] Others believe "Coco" came from Ko Ko Ri Ko, and Qui qu'a vu Coco, or it was an allusion to the French word for kept woman, cocotte. Vichy boasted a profusion of concert halls, theatres, and cafés where she hoped to achieve success as a performer. [66] Whilst details of the classic bag have been reworked, such as the 1980s update by Karl Lagerfeld when the clasp and lock were redesigned to incorporate the Chanel logo and leather was interlaced through the shoulder chain, the bag has retained its original basic form. Gabrielle "Coco" Chanel (August 19, 1883–January 10, 1971) opened her first millinery shop in 1910, and in the 1920s she rose to become one of the premier fashion designers in Paris. Some historians claimed that people worried that, if Chanel were forced to testify about her own activities at trial, she would expose the pro-Nazi sympathies and activities of certain top-level British officials, members of the society elite, and the royal family. Some informers had numbers without being aware of it." [23]:95 Later, unhappy with the arrangement, Chanel worked for more than twenty years to gain full control of Parfums Chanel. [10], At more than 70 years old, after having her couture house closed for 15 years, she felt the time was right for her to re-enter the fashion world. "[7]:62 Ultimately, her design aesthetic did not translate well to film. [7]:25–26, First introduced in 1923,[58] the Chanel tweed suit was designed for comfort and practicality. Signalée comme suspecte au fichier). In 1912–1913, the actress Suzanne Orlandi was one of the first women to wear a Chanel little black dress, in velvet with a white collar. "[23]:175, Chanel hired René de Chambrun, Vichy France Prime Minister Pierre Laval's son-in-law, as her lawyer to sue Wertheimer. She was 88 years old. SCOTTISH fashion icon Stella Tennant has died suddenly, her family has confirmed. She realised then that a serious stage career was not in her future. This ensemble, worn with low-heeled shoes, became the casual look in expensive women's wear. [3], Rumors arose about Chanel's activities during the German occupation of France during World War II, and she was criticized for being too close to the German occupiers to boost her professional career: One of Chanel's liaisons was with a German diplomat, Baron (Freiherr) Hans Günther von Dincklage. [28] The Biarritz shop was installed not as a storefront, but in a villa opposite the casino. 5 sales worldwide. [10]:328, Her involvement with Iribe was a deep one until his sudden death in 1935. [36] The fashionable and wealthy loved the creations and made the line wildly successful. She died on January 10, 1971 in Paris, France. [7]:187, Requested to appear in Paris before investigators in 1949, Chanel left her retreat in Switzerland to confront testimony given against her at the war crime trial of Baron Louis de Vaufreland, a French traitor and highly placed German intelligence agent. was termed "too old" for the part by the tart-tongued Coco, who was 86. [4][5] Chanel and Dincklage were to report to Schellenberg at the RSHA, with a ludicrous plan that Chanel had proposed to Dincklage: she, Coco Chanel, was to meet Churchill and persuade him to negotiate with the Germans. [19], In 1908, Chanel began an affair with one of Balsan's friends, Captain Arthur Edward 'Boy' Capel. Date of Death: 10-Jan-1971. "[10]:210 The popularity of the little black dress can be attributed in part to the timing of its introduction. "[37] Chanel went on to design the costumes for several French films, including Jean Renoir's 1939 film La Règle du jeu, in which she was credited as La Maison Chanel. [10]:52, At Moulins, Chanel met a young French ex-cavalry officer and textile heir, Étienne Balsan. Streitz's concept for the staircase and patio contained design elements inspired by Aubazine, the orphanage where Chanel spent her youth. Half a century since her death, FRANCE 24’s Clovis Casali and Armelle Caux look back at her career and legacy. les minijupes et les jeans son ignobles" ("Miniskirts and jeans can be ignored.") Lombardi acted as intermediary, delivering a letter written by Chanel to Churchill, to be forwarded to him via the British Embassy in Madrid. The History Behind The Facade", 10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.t2081197, "Chanel and the Nazis: what Coco Avant Chanel and other films don't tell you", "Chanel antisémite, tabou médiatique en France? [67] The quilted outside was influenced by the jackets worn by jockeys,[67] whilst at the same time enhancing the bag's shape and volume. Hollywood wants a lady to look like two ladies. [44], In late 2014, French intelligence agencies declassified and released documents confirming Coco Chanel's role with Germany in World War II. He shared with her an expressed homophobia. He was buried with full … [51], Her funeral was held at the Église de la Madeleine; her fashion models occupied the first seats during the ceremony and her coffin was covered with white flowers—camellias, gardenias, orchids, azaleas and a few red roses. Subsequently, Dorziat modelled Chanel's hats again in photographs published in Les Modes. Dincklage purportedly said, The Abwehr had first to bring to France a young Italian woman [Lombardi] Coco Chanel was attached to because of her lesbian vices ...[7]:163–64, Unaware of the machinations of Schellenberg and Chanel, Lombardi was led to believe that the forthcoming journey to Spain would be a business trip exploring the potential for establishing Chanel couture in Madrid. It was at the Hotel Ritz where she fell in love with Baron Hans Gunther von Dincklage, working in the German embassy close to the Gestapo. The fashions were constructed from humble fabrics such as jersey and tricot, at the time primarily used for men's underwear. [8]:14[9] She was Jeanne's second child with Albert Chanel; the first, Julia, had been born less than a year earlier. She became a licensed milliner in 1910 and opened a boutique at 21 rue Cambon, Paris, named Chanel Modes. [9] Albert Chanel was an itinerant street vendor who peddled work clothes and undergarments,[10]:27 living a nomadic life, traveling to and from market towns. She had gone for a long drive the afternoon of Saturday, 9 January. It was noteworthy as the preferred place of residence for upper-echelon German military staff. The chain used for the strap echoed the chatelaines worn by the caretakers of the orphanage where Chanel grew up, whilst the burgundy lining referenced the convent uniforms. In 1946, Chanel was quoted by her friend and confidant, Paul Morand, Homosexuals? [21]:28, Designers such as Paul Poiret and Fortuny introduced ethnic references into haute couture in the 1900s and early 1910s. Chanel corporate "refuted the claim" (of espionage), while acknowledging that company officials had read only media excerpts of the book. It would be very hard for a man to live with me, unless he’s terribly strong. 5"--she had been told by a fortune-teller that five was her lucky Coco Chanel died naturally at the age of 87 on January 10, 1971, in Paris, France due to old age. Coco Chanel Death. Chanel paid for Schellenberg's medical care and living expenses, financially supported his wife and family, and paid for Schellenberg's funeral upon his death in 1952. [7]:205–07, Suspicions of Coco Chanel's involvement first began when German tanks entered Paris and began the Nazi occupation. [7]:Chapter 11, Sleeping with the Enemy, Coco Chanel and the Secret War written by Hal Vaughan further solidifies the consistencies of the French intelligence documents released by describing Coco as a "vicious anti-Semite" who praised Hitler.[35]. Her mother was unmarried and her upbringing was marked by poverty and uncertainty. This allowed for quick and easy movement. However, due to the declaration of war by Great Britain on 3 September 1939, the ballet was forced to leave London. What followed was not a life of happiness, I have to say. [2] Chanel herself designed her famed interlocked-CC monogram, which has been in use since the 1920s. More significantly, Chanel's star had been eclipsed by her premier rival, the designer Elsa Schiaparelli. Sun Sign. [27] The location was a prime one, in the center of town on a fashionable street. [14][15], Having learned to sew during her six years at Aubazine, Chanel found employment as a seamstress. They will use any means to destroy a competitor and to wreak vengeance on a woman. Agent reference: F 7124. [7]:13 Both women were convent schooled, and maintained a friendship of shared interests and confidences. Birthplace. [10]:45 When the Vichy season ended, Chanel returned to Moulins, and her former haunt La Rotonde. We track celebrity net worths so you don't have to. The queers want to be women—but they are lousy women. Full Name: Gabrielle Bonheur "Coco" Chanel. Chanel built a villa here, which she called La Pausa[citation needed] ('restful pause'), hiring the architect Robert Streitz. August Aug 19, 1883. [7]:5–6 It was a lifestyle of self-indulgence. [10]:49 Obliged to find employment, she took work at the Grande Grille, where as a donneuse d'eau she was one whose job was to dispense glasses of the purportedly curative mineral water for which Vichy was renowned. A review of her correspondence reveals a complete contradiction between the clumsiness of Chanel the letter writer and the talent of Chanel as a composer of maxims ... After correcting the handful of aphorisms that Chanel wrote about her métier, Reverdy added to this collection of "Chanelisms" a series of thoughts of a more general nature, some touching on life and taste, others on allure and love. [8]:313, The Chanel couture was a lucrative business enterprise, by 1935 employing 4,000 people. (for a PDF file showing relevant page, see here, list of the 100 most influential people of the 20th century, German occupation of France during World War II, Duke of Westminster, Hugh Richard Arthur Grosvenor, "Modelegende Chanel: Wie Coco fast den Krieg beendet hätte", "Strong whiff of wartime scandal clings to Coco Chanel", "Coco Chanel: The Legend and the Life by Justine Picardie: review", "Puget-sur-Argens Coco Chanel: le drame de sa vie au bord d'une route varoise", "Chanel 31 rue Cambon. Chanel immediately sought refuge in the deluxe Hotel Ritz, which was also used as the headquarters of the German military. Coco went with the nuns and she never got adopted, so she left the orphanage when she was 18 to work at a local tailor shop. A white enameled cuff featuring a jeweled Maltese cross was Chanel's personal favourite; it has become an icon of the Verdura–Chanel collaboration. In an interview given to the Associated Press, author Vaughan discussed the unexpected turn of his research, I was looking for something else and I come across this document saying 'Chanel is a Nazi agent'...Then I really started hunting through all of the archives, in the United States, in London, in Berlin and in Rome and I come across not one, but 20, 30, 40 absolutely solid archival materials on Chanel and her lover, Hans Günther von Dincklage, who was a professional Abwehr spy.[45]. By this time, her fashion Empire brought every year 160 million dollars of income, but in the wardrobe of the famous designer found only three attire. New Coco Chanel biography claims to have proof that fashion icon used drugs, had lesbian affairs and loved a Nazi spy. Her romantic liaison with Baron Hans Günther von Dincklage, a German aristocrat and member of Dincklage noble family. Most sources suggest Gabrielle Chanel was born in 1883, though this was a closely guarded fact – with Coco not keen on revealing her birth date. Chanel, the Couturier, Dead in Paris. [52][53], Most of her estate was inherited by her nephew André Palasse, who lived in Switzerland, and his two daughters, who lived in Paris. [20] In later years, Chanel reminisced of this time in her life: "two gentlemen were outbidding for my hot little body. The Chanel influence made sun bathing fashionable.[10]:138–39. In closing her couture house, Chanel made a definitive statement of her political views. She carried out her usual routine of preparing the spring catalogue. More importantly, meticulous attention was placed on detail during fittings. Her inspirations were global, often inspired by design traditions of the Orient and Egypt. [10]:248, In 1923, Vera Bate Lombardi, (born Sarah Gertrude Arkwright), reputedly the illegitimate daughter of the Marquess of Cambridge, afforded Chanel entry into the highest levels of British aristocracy. [7]:23 It is postulated that the legendary maxims attributed to Chanel and published in periodicals were crafted under the mentorship of Reverdy—a collaborative effort. [23]:175–77[41], Declassified archival documents unearthed by Vaughan reveal that the French Préfecture de Police had a document on Chanel in which she was described as "Couturier and perfumer. Five rooms from La Pausa have been replicated at the Dallas Museum of Art, to house the Reves' art collection as well as pieces of furniture belonging to Chanel. Fashion Designer #2. [23]:153, One of Chanel's longest enduring associations was with Misia Sert, a member of the bohemian elite in Paris and wife of Spanish painter José-Maria Sert. Jan 10, 1971 ( age 87 ) Popularity. 5 had two probable origins, both attributable to her association with Capel. Place of Birth: Saumur, Pays de la Loire, France. [7]:169 For this mission, codenamed Operation Modellhut, they also recruited Vera Bate Lombardi. At birth, Chanel's name was entered into the official registry as "Chasnel". "The Power Behind The Cologne". [26] Twenty-five years after the event, Chanel, then residing in Switzerland, confided to her friend, Paul Morand, "His death was a terrible blow to me. [35] After the liberation, she was known to have been interviewed in Paris by Malcolm Muggeridge, who at the time was an officer in British military intelligence, about her relationship with the Nazis during the occupation of France. of death was not immediately known. Miss Hepburn, 60 at the time the show opened, ("Ce n'est pas parce que Coco Chanel avait un numéro d'espion qu'elle était nécessairement impliquée personnellement. Gabrielle Bonheur Chanel was born in 1883 in Saumur, Maine-et-Loire, France. As 1971 began, Chanel was 87 years old, tired, and ailing. [10]:11 Her design aesthetic redefined the fashionable woman in the post World War I era. Her future share would be two percent of all Chanel No. Born in Brighton, Sussex, Capel was the son of Arthur Joseph Capel, a British shipping merchant, and his French-born wife, the former Berthe Andrée A. E. Lorin (1856–1902). [64][7]:47 Chanel started making little black dresses in wool or chenille for the day and in satin, crêpe or velvet for the evening. VOX POPULI: 50 years after her death, magic of Coco Chanel still captivates us Vox Populi, Vox Dei is a daily column that runs on Page 1 of The Asahi Shimbun. Following her comeback, Chanel updated the design in February 1955, creating what would become the "2.55" (named for the date of its creation). In addition to Chanel philosophy, the show featured many models parading in the popular fashions Chanel designed through her long career. Birth Date August 4, 1821 Death Date February 27, 1892 Place of Birth Anchay, France Place of Death ... fashion designer Coco Chanel created timeless designs that are still popular today. The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin, New Series, Vol. He died in a car accident on 21 December 1919. [7]:101 Her biographer Hal Vaughan suggests that Chanel used the outbreak of war as an opportunity to retaliate against those workers who had struck for higher wages and shorter work hours in the French general labor strike of 1936. The beading and embroidery on her garments at this time was exclusively executed by Kitmir, an embroidery house founded by an exiled Russian aristocrat, the Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna, who was the sister of Chanel's erstwhile lover, Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich. [27], In 1913, Chanel opened a boutique in Deauville, financed by Arthur Capel, where she introduced deluxe casual clothing suitable for leisure and sport. Later she did meet her siblings and their kids. She carried out her usual routine of preparing the spring catalog. [7], In 1906, Chanel worked in the spa resort town of Vichy. The family resided in rundown lodgings. [59], The camellia had an established association used in Alexandre Dumas' literary work, La Dame aux Camélias (The Lady of the Camellias). Vaughan writes that some claim that Churchill instructed Duff Cooper, British ambassador to the French provisional government, to protect Chanel. The prince allegedly was smitten with Chanel and pursued her in spite of her involvement with the Duke of Westminster. [27], In 1918, Chanel purchased the building at 31 rue Cambon, in one of the most fashionable districts of Paris. That tuft of curly black hair, the attribute of bull-calves, falls over her brow all the way to the eyelids and dances with every maneuver of her head. [12] Her father sent his two sons to work as farm laborers and sent his three daughters to the convent of Aubazine, which ran an orphanage. Wealthy clients who did not wish to display their costly jewellery in public could wear Chanel creations to impress others. The early life of Coco Chanel. The former rivals shared happy memories of times with the Duke of Westminster. She said that she had agreed to go to Hollywood to "see what the pictures have to offer me and what I have to offer the pictures. Legendary fashion designer Coco Chanel ruled Paris haute couture for almost six decades, but felt bitter about her childhood after being abandoned by her father in … [48] Arnaud wore this outfit, "with its slightly padded, square shouldered cardigan jacket, two patch pockets and sleeves that unbuttoned back to reveal crisp white cuffs", above "a white muslin blouse with a perky collar and bow [that] stayed perfectly in place with small tabs that buttoned onto the waistline of an easy A-line skirt. Aesthetic in jewellery, handbags, and a home in London 's Mayfair. Like two ladies and confidences the preferred place of residence for upper-echelon German military staff wished reproduce. Chanel ’ s Clovis Casali and Armelle Caux look back at her career and legacy wished reproduce... Which would envy the Queen act is still to think for yourself 's place on the throne of couture. 'S place on the rue Cambon, Paris, France due to the declaration war. 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