[86] Additional soldiers were sent from the 202nd Brigade in Tabora. That evening Radio Uganda declared that the Tanzanians had abducted a Ugandan soldier, and reported that Amin threatened to do "something" if he was not returned. [60][p] Ugandan command and control descended into chaos amid the counter-offensive, and only a few officers attempted to organise any resistance. add example. [128] As the TPDF secured the rest of the country, they seized the Kilembe Mines. Searching for a fresh start, a nurse practitioner moves from LA to a remote northern California town and is surprised by what -- and who -- she finds. Most of the commanders on the front line and members of the high command ignored the intelligence reports, and instead focused on looting the Kagera Salient. Most Ugandan soldiers fled in the face of artillery bombardment, and Amin soon thereafter declared that he was unconditionally withdrawing the Uganda Army from Kagera, a claim which was bitterly contested by Tanzania. Journalist James Tumusiime transliterates this name as "Marjan". [8] In 1977 a split in the Uganda Army developed between supporters of Amin and soldiers loyal to the Vice-President of Uganda, Mustafa Adrisi, who held significant power in the government and wanted to purge foreigners from the military. [92] Four Ugandan MiG-21s carried out air raids amid Operation Chakaza, attempting to bomb the Bukoba air strip and the Mwanza airfield. Largely ignorant of military strategy and tactics, he believed that he had secured victory by destroying the Kyaka Bridge,[26] and did not take warnings by his subordinate officers seriously. [52], Meanwhile, in the area surrounding Bukoba, displaced persons from the town and the border region began gathering. The Tanzanian soldiers found that most of the village's population had been murdered. [39], On 18 October Ugandan MiGs bombed Bukoba, the capital of the West Lake Region. of the line defined above, the boundary will be carried to the west, following a minimum distance of 16 kilom. Researcher Alicia C. Decker reasoned that the suggestion of a boxing match was supposed to "bolster [Amin's] masculinity" and thereby showcase that he remained a strong leader in the face of mounting opposition to his regime. Thus, the soils along the river were extremely fertile. It flew 50 foreign diplomats to the border, and they reported that there was little evidence of ongoing conflict. Gölden, Ruvubu Nehri ile çatına kadar Ruanda-Burundi ve Ruanda-Tanzanya sınırları boyunca doğuya doğru akar. This is dominated by tiny lakes and swamps because of the zigzagging of River Kagera. As active members of the Frontline States, both were concerned about the implications of the Tanzania–Uganda conflict for efforts to end white minority rule in Rhodesia. [31] Ugandan diplomat Paul Eitang and the local managing director for Royal Dutch Shell reported that soldiers of the Simba Battalion had shot new Sudanese recruits and that when other Ugandan forces were sent to contain them, they fled over the border on 30 October. The river has a length of approximately 400 km and runs from the border between Rwanda and Tanzania and flows into Lake Victoria. [14] According to Amin's son, Jaffar Remo, rumours of a potential Tanzanian invasion led members of the Ugandan high command to call for a preemptive attack on Tanzania. [4] With the approval of Nyerere, Ugandan exiles organised a small army of guerrillas, and attempted, unsuccessfully, to invade Uganda and remove Amin in 1972. All other Tanzanian soldiers broke under fire and fled towards the Kagera River. We had covered the 740km of the Kagera River, crossed 350km of Lake Victoria and, for Meredith and Coetzee it was the historic completion of a 6,695km journey to navigate the Nile from source to sea. Kagera, Burundi'de, Rweru Gölü'nden dışarı akarak başlar. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership. This list may not reflect recent changes . ), from Vulgar Latin *riparia "riverbank, seashore, river" (source also of Spanish ribera, Italian riviera), noun use of fem. A Ugandan soldier claimed that hundreds of Tanzanian soldiers who attempted to cross the bridge at the time of the destruction were killed, and that their corpses were then photographed by the Ugandan Ministry of Information and Broadcasting for propaganda purposes. Thank you for helping build the largest language community on the internet. On 25 November the Tanzanians began moving tanks and BM-21 rocket launchers across it. [67], Due to poor communications, the Tanzanian Government was only informed of the full extent of the invasion after an entire day had passed. A Ugandan soldier who claimed to have been present during the battle, described the events differently. [79] The governments of Guinea, Mali, Senegal, and several other African states refrained from condemnation, instead calling for a cessation of hostilities and requesting that both sides respect the charter of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU). Within three hours the bridge was completed, and the Tanzanians began clearing mines they had left behind along the northern bank before the Ugandan invasion. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. For security reasons, villagers were prohibited from occupying land within 100 metres (330 ft) of the border, though there was little oversight of this restriction over time and it was sometimes ignored by locals. When he was flown out of the country for treatment, Amin stripped him of his ministerial portfolios. The region takes its name from the Kagera River, which flows from Rwanda through northern Tanzania before it enters Lake Victoria, to emerge as the Nile, the longest river in the world. jw2019. Over the next few days both sides exchanged artillery fire, gradually expanding across the whole border. [72][m] Danish Prime Minister Anker Jørgensen also condemned the attack as an attempt to distract the Frontline States. [39] The Tanzanian Foreign Ministry denied the allegation on 12 October. A naturalist in Mid-Africa- being an account of a journey to the Mountains of the Moon and Tanganyika (1890) (14596063290).jpg 3.120 × 2.164; 2,15 МБ On 31 October the Tanzanian Government made its first public acknowledgment of the hostilities with Uganda on Radio Tanzania's regularly scheduled 07:00 new bulletin. [22] Obote wrote that the decision to invade Kagera was "a desperate measure to extricate Amin from the consequences of the failure of his own plots against his own army. [12] Only one Tanzanian company was near the border region and Obote's irregular troops were in a refugee camp. The document called for the end of corruption, factionalism, and favouritism towards Nubian troops; the curtailing of powers of the State Research Bureau, Amin's secret police; the reinstatement of Adrisi and former army chief of staff Isaac Lumago; the enforcement of religious tolerance; and an end of the alliance with Arab powers. Example sentences with "Kagera River", translation memory. Over the course of several weeks, the TPDF grew from less than 40,000 troops to over 150,000, including about 40,000 militiamen. River, (ultimately from Latin ripa, “bank”), any natural stream of water that flows in a channel with defined banks . The section of river named Kagera begins in Burundi, flowing out from Lake Rweru. The true length of the Nile from Nyungwe to Alexandria is 6718km (4170 miles). Origin definition, something from which anything arises or is derived; source; fountainhead: to follow a stream to its origin. kagera river geographic terms (above country level) Examples Add . The waters of the Kagera are thus provided by two major tributaries, the Nyabarongo of Rwanda, which feeds Lake Rweru, and the Ruvubu of Burundi. [65][k] Several high-ranking Ugandan commanders, including Butabika and Gowon, believed that they had made a Tanzanian counter-attack impossible or at least unlikely by destroying the bridge. [25] Several other Uganda Army officers have offered more mundane explanations for the invasion, according to which isolated conflicts along the border resulted in a spiral of violence that culminated in open warfare. [36], The TPDF had received only very limited intelligence about a possible Ugandan invasion, and was unprepared for this eventuality, as the Tanzanian leadership generally believed that Amin would not consider attacking Tanzania while his own country was affected by political, economic, and military instability. The Kagera River, which flows into Lake Victoria near the Tanzanian town of Bukoba, is the longest feeder, although sources do not agree on which is the longest tributary of the Kagera and hence the most distant source of the Nile itself. [10] In May, Amin falsely claimed that Tanzanian troops had attacked the Rakai District. Kagera River, also spelled Akagera, most remote headstream of the Nile River and largest tributary of Lake Victoria, rising in Burundi near the northern tip of Lake Tanganyika. [58] The Ugandan official press declared that the area had been seized in 25 minutes. of Latin riparius "of a riverbank" (see riparian).Generalized sense of "a copious flow" of anything is from late 14c. Wishing to avoid further losses, the Ugandans sought a demolitions expert to detonate the bridge. [132] Negotiations between Uganda and Tanzania on re-establishing a complete, official demarcation of the border began in 1999 and concluded successfully in 2001. Kagera was formally known as the West Lake Region, being renamed after the war between Tanzania and Idi Amin of Uganda. [135] However, the government prohibited civilians from going to Mutukula, Kakunyu, Bugango, Bubale, and Byeju for security reasons, and established more permanent accommodations for those affected in Kyamulaile, Nyankere, Nsheshe, and Burigi. Fifteen minutes later he received a radio message from an understrength platoon of 20 TPDF soldiers opposite Mutukula, who reported that they were under attack and exchanging heavy fire with the Uganda Army. There are several different variations of this account, which were mostly circulated by non-Ugandan sources. His detractors asserted that he was obligated as a soldier to put up as much resistance as possible to the invasion, despite being heavily outnumbered. [64], Singano's unit eventually set up artillery atop the high ground near the southern end of the Kyaka Bridge to cover the crossing. [63] A Ugandan soldier later stated in an interview that the looting was ordered by Ugandan Government agents who instructed troops to "give strong resistance and to loot anything we found valuable and hand these to the government". Amin Dada: His War in Tanzania", "The Role of Radio Tanzania Dar es Salaam in Mobilising the Masses: A Critique", "The Uganda–Tanzania War, the fall of Idi Amin, and the failure of African diplomacy, 1978–1979", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Invasion_of_Kagera&oldid=994683783, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 17 December 2020, at 00:22. Sign in to disable ALL ads. Though the circumstances surrounding the Ugandans' deaths remained unclear, the Tanzanian Government publicly stated that the men had been executed in Uganda and then "dumped" in Tanzania. [58] The entire Kakira Sugar Works and a sawmill were dismantled and transported into Uganda. "[81] OAU chairman Edem Kodjo privately confided to a British official that Nyerere was determined to fight Uganda and that mediation was useless. The Tanzanian Government denounced the statement as a "complete lie", while foreign observers were unable to reach a consensus on the veracity of the supposed withdrawal. [32] The New York Times reporter John Darnton pieced together several refugee accounts which suggested that Amin had possibly planned an invasion of Tanzania to purge followers of Adrisi from the military. The Web's largest and most authoritative phrases and idioms resource. Twalipo stated that this would require a large operation which would take time to organise. [90] Three days later Amin pledged to withdraw from Tanzanian territory. Despite the minimal resistance from Tanzanian forces, the Ugandan troops advanced with caution. At the same time, Radio Uganda's Kinyankole language broadcasts—which were closely monitored and understood by West Lake residents—severely criticised Nyerere and claimed that Tanzanians wished to fall under Ugandan jurisdiction to escape the former's rule. [130], Academic Benoni Turyahikayo-Rugyema wrote in 1998 that "Had Amin not invaded the Kagera Salient in Tanzania he probably would still be ruling Uganda. The Project Goal is to adopt an integrated ecosystems approach for the management of land resources in the Kagera Basin that will generate local, national and global benefits including: restoration of degraded … [118] They were "not happy" when they saw killed Tanzanians during the invasion's early stages,[119] and "pleased" with the Tanzanian victories during the invasion's later stages. NBI previously called for consultants to develop a Kagera River Basin Investment Strategy. Nile River, the longest river in the world, called the father of African rivers. [17] According to this version of events, Amin ordered the Simba Battalion and the Suicide Battalion to pursue the deserters, resulting in the invasion of Tanzania. The Ugandan Government offered to accept mediation from Libya, one of its allies, but Tanzanian officials dismissed the proposal. According to him, most Uganda Army units held out during the artillery bombardment "for some time". Kagera River It begins in Burundi, flowing out from Lake Rweru. Податотеки во категоријата „Kagera River“ Прикажани се 10 од вкупно 10 податотеки во категоријата. [143] The Tanzanian village of Bunazi was renamed Operation Chakaza in honour of the counter-offensive that expelled Ugandan troops from Kagera. Remaining structures were destroyed by drunk Uganda Army troops with mortars. [54] This attack was code-named the "Kagera Operation",[55] and subsequently referred to as "battle of Kagera" in Ugandan propaganda. Over the next few days he busied himself with trying keep his artillery mobile. [13] As tensions with Tanzania increased, a number of Amin's high-ranking military commanders began to advocate war with the neighbouring state. [g] Throughout the rest of the day Ugandan MiGs crossed into Tanzanian airspace, where they were harassed by inconsequential anti-aircraft fire. [3] Uganda twice launched military attacks against the Tanzanian border that year. Origin v10.4.74-2505-071fc2df. [39] The following day West Lake Regional Commissioner Mohamed Kissoky hosted a meeting with government and Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM, the state political party) officials. The name of Kagera gives you a very sensitive, intuitive nature, causing you to be motivated. [26] Of these, several hundred, particularly young women, were abducted and moved to a forced labour camp in Kalisizo. Tanzanian President Julius Nyerere supported Obote and backed an unsuccessful attempt by him to regain power in 1972. [54][j] Some of the Tanzanians were forced to work as "house-servants", while others were employed at the Kinyala Sugar Works with no pay except housing and food. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). [87][50] Prime Minister Edward Sokoine ordered Tanzania's regional commissioners to marshal all military and civilian resources for war. From the lake, it flows east along the Rwanda-Burundi and Rwanda-Tanzania borders to a confluence with the Ruvubu River. The Kagera is a river in Africa that is created by the confluence of the Nyabarongo river and the Ruvubu river. According to Ugandan sources, the first major attack took place on 22 October. According to this account by historians Tom Cooper and Adrien Fontanellaz, Kiiza was promoted to captain and commander of the MiG-21 squadron after returning to Entebbe. Thousands of them streamed towards the Kagera River in panic. [144] As of 2002, ruins of the conflict remained in Kagera. Kagera River Frae Wikipedia, the free beuk o knawledge The Kagera River, an aa Akagera River, or Alexandra Nile, is an East African river, formin pairt o the upper heidwatters o the Nile an carryin watter frae its maist distant soorce. In October 1978 Uganda invaded the Kagera Salient in northern Tanzania, initiating the Uganda–Tanzania War. Kagera river. [8] Fearing for his personal safety and less confident in his charismatic abilities to diffuse the growing tension, Amin began withdrawing from the public sphere and conducting less meetings with his troops. Nyerere did not initially intend on expanding the war beyond expelling the Ugandans from Tanzanian territory. November 2019. It is possible the name you are searching has less than five occurrences per year. They were brought into action four days later, and the Ugandan guns subsequently stopped firing. Uganda Army officers concentrated on looting and ignored intelligence reports of Tanzanian plans, and thus were caught unprepared when the TPDF initiated Operation Chakaza. They assured him that assistance was on its way, but no troops ever arrived. [52], At the same time, the Ugandans prepared a new attack. Weird things about the name Kagera: The name spelled backwards is Aregak. [70][71] Though they denounced Uganda's actions, Mengistu and Machel attributed its attack on Tanzania as a Western imperialist machination to disrupt the Frontline States' efforts to stop racism in southern Africa. Several Tanzanian statesmen and journalists, as well as Mozambican authorities speculated that the entire war was part of an "imperialist plot" by foreign agents who had influenced Amin. Cultural history. Listen to the audio pronunciation of Kagera River Bridge on pronouncekiwi. [6] Nyerere was exasperated by the suggestion that he accept mediation, telling OAU diplomats on one occasion, "How do you mediate between somebody who breaks into your house and the victim of the assault? At around the same time he began accusing Tanzania of violating Uganda's border. [121], In response to the Ugandan invasion, Tanzania began to rapidly expand its army. [137] In the immediate aftermath of the war the government shut down cross-border markets, resulting in shortages of goods and spikes in commodity prices. [142] Residents of the region later testified that while social services returned, their quality was less than that of the pre-war era, and that the rehabilitation programme focused mostly on government institutions, community centers, and major roads, and did little to support individuals. About 300 to 400 Libyan soldiers were "normally" stationed in Uganda during Amin's rule. They slowly occupied the Kagera Salient, shooting at soldiers and civilians alike,[h] before reaching the river and the Kyaka Bridge in the evening. The following day, representatives of the OAU flew to Kampala to speak with Amin and try and reach a solution. The battalion was tipped off to the attack and managed to ambush and kill Amin's forces. Realising the veracity of Singano's warnings in light of the action, Tanzanian commanders dispatched a six-strong anti-aircraft team equipped with SA-7 shoulder-fired heat-seeking missiles from Tabora to the front. Uganda also disputed its border with Tanzania, claiming that the Kagera Salient—a 1,865 square kilometre (720 sq mi) stretch of land stretch of land between the official border and the Kagera River 29 kilometres (18 mi) to the south—should be ceded to Uganda. [24] Kisuule accused Butabika of engineering an incident at the border to create a pretext for invading Tanzania. Floden begynder i Burundi, og løber i østlig retning.Den er grænseflod over store dele af sit løb, først mellem Rwanda og Burundi, derefter mellem Rwanda og Tanzania. [3] At the same time, Amin expanded the power of the armed forces in his government, placing many soldiers in his cabinet and providing those loyal to him with patronage. Origin is in offline mode. [29] The Uganda Army Air Force indiscriminately bombed military and civilian targets during the invasion. By January 1979 the TPDF had re-secured the Kagera Salient. Many livestock were taken, including goats, chickens, and sheep,[35] as well as 13,000 cattle from the Kitengule state ranch. [103] On 29 November Sudanese diplomat Philip Obang concurred that Ugandan troops had completely withdrawn, though Nyerere subsequently argued that they had been forcibly expelled. This became unfeasible as Singano commandeered most remaining vehicles to move his troops and artillery. en The lake’s main inlet is the Kagera River in Tanzania, which gathers its waters from the mountains of Rwanda. It was equipped with 120-millimetre (4.7 in) mortars, a 122-millimetre (4.8 in) howitzer, and a few 85-millimetre (3.3 in) guns. [127] West Germany also gave Tanzania money to assist with the refugees from Kagera. [104] Sporadic clashes occurred along the border over the next two months until the night of 21 January 1979 when the Southern Brigade—renamed the 208th Brigade—crossed over the Ugandan border. [7] Amin violently purged members of southern ethnic groups from the armed forces and executed political opponents. Uganda also disputed its border with Tanzania, claiming that the Kagera Salient—a 720 square miles (1,900 km 2) stretch of land between the official border and the Kagera River 18 miles (29 km) to the south, should be placed under its jurisdiction, maintaining that the river made for a more logical border. [77] The United Kingdom, upset with Amin's hostility to its interests and what it perceived as an attack on a fellow member of the British Commonwealth, condemned the invasion and put pressure on British oil companies to sever trade with Uganda. [90] The Ugandan President suggested that Muhammad Ali could act as referee. At the time, the TPDF consisted of four brigades. Kagera definition, a river in equatorial Africa flowing into Lake Victoria from the west: the most remote headstream of the Nile. It rises south of the Equator and flows northward through northeastern Africa to drain into the Mediterranean Sea. [69], Six African leaders condemned the Kagera invasion as Ugandan aggression: Mengistu Haile Mariam of Ethiopia, Didier Ratsiraka of Madagascar, Agostinho Neto of Angola, Seretse Khama of Botswana, Samora Machel of Mozambique, and Kenneth Kaunda of Zambia. Kagera Nehri, aynı zamanda Akagera Nehri veya Alexandra Nil olarak da bilinir, Nil'in yukarı kollarının bir bölümünü oluşturan ve Nil'e en uzaktaki kaynaktan su taşıyan bir Doğu Afrika nehridir.:167. The Tanzanians arrested the manager and three of his employees for destroying the Kyaka Bridge, but they were released several months later. The OAU ultimately refrained from condemning the Ugandan invasion. One MiG crashed and its pilot was taken prisoner,[98] while the other, piloted by Ali Kiiza, managed to return to Entebbe. Tanzanian leaders felt that Amin was only making provocations. It was led by an elderly commander, Brigadier Himid. [35] Researchers Andrew Mambo and Julian Schofield discounted this theory, noting that the battalions that are said to have mutinied remained relatively loyal to Amin's cause throughout the war, and instead supported the notion that Butabika escalated a dispute at the border into an invasion. [141] The study concluded that by 1981 three fourths of pre-war infrastructure was restored in all border localities. Its origin is East Africa. The river system drains 31 US states and 2 Canadian provinces. Early in the morning on 3 November the demolitions expert sneaked onto the bridge and planted explosive charges. [33] Political scientist Okon Eminue stated that about 200 mutineers "reportedly" took refuge in the Kagera Salient. Singano received radio reports on the situation at his headquarters in Kyaka, 32 km (20 mi) south of the border and just south of the Kagera River. Stem. [57][r], The morale and discipline of the Uganda Army deteriorated as the Tanzanians pushed it out of Kagera and attacked it along the border. It was renamed Kagera after the Uganda-Tanzania War, when Idi Amin attempted to annexe it in 1978. Other articles where Nyawarongo River is discussed: Kagera River: …confluence of its two headstreams—the Nyawarongo (Niavarongo) and the Ruvubu (Ruvuvu)—which in turn are fed by streams rising in the highlands east of Lake Kivu and Lake Tanganyika, between Congo (Kinshasa) and Rwanda. [138] Smuggling became rampant. UTB. Most of the Bukoba men resolved to return to their town to resume work while leaving their families in the countryside. Kagera River translations Kagera River Add . They come from many sources and are not checked. His supporters argued that since he had been denied essential reinforcements from his superiors, his choice to observe and report on the Ugandans' progress was the best course of action. Several minutes later three other observation posts reported Ugandan manoeuvres on the other side of the border. [50][51] The unit arrived in Bukoba on 27 October. A naturalist in Mid-Africa- being an account of a journey to the Mountains of the Moon and Tanganyika (1890) (14596063290).jpg 3,120 × 2,164; 2.15 MB See more. [58] Bulldozers and cars were stolen,[35] and those of the latter that would not start were stripped of their parts. [145], Nyerere authorised the attack after hearing rumours of a plot by Uganda and.
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